A new implementation of a synthetic aperture focusing technique is presented in the paper. Standard medical ultrasound IMAGING is done using line-by-line transmission with classical Delay-and-Sum (DAS) image reconstruction. Synthetic aperture IMAGING, however, has a better resolution and frame rate in cost of more COMPUTATIONAL load. To overcome this problem, block processing algorithms are used in radar and sonar which are relatively unknown in medical. To extend the methods to medical field, one should concern the parameters difference such as carrier frequency, signal band width, beam width and depth of IMAGING. In this paper, we extended one of these methods called wavenumber to medical ultrasound IMAGING with a simple model of synthetic aperture focus. We have also used chirp pulse excitation followed by matched filtering, windowing and spotlighting algorithm to compensate the effect of differences in parameters between radar and medical IMAGING. COMPUTATIONAL complexity of the two reconstruction methods, wavenumber and DAS, have been calculated. Field II simulated point data has been used to evaluate the results in terms of resolution and contrast. Evaluations with simulated data show that for typical phantoms, reconstruction by wavenumber algorithm is almost 20 times faster than classical DAS while retaining the resolution.

Background: Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death and is the most common cause of cancer in elderly men. Regarding to the low accuracy of screening methods such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detection and localization of tumor, Magnetic Resonance IMAGING (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted IMAGING (DWI) attracted many attentions in the past years. DWI reveals micro-molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of the spins in biologic tissues. This technique can delineate pathologic lesions with high tissue contrast against generally suppressed background signal. In this paper, the value of DWI in detection of prostate cancer is studied.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the studied population are suspicious patients to prostate cancer based on high Prostatic Specific Antigen level or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination who refered for prostate biopsy to radiology department of Hazrate- Rasoul Hospital during the year 2011. The results of DWI are compared to biopsy results for all patients.Results: Eighty five patients are selected. The DWI sensitivity in detecting of prostate cancer is 100%, specificity 97.1% and positive and negative predictive values are 89.5% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that if DWI reports the prostate cancer as negative, the result was highly reliable and if it reports as positive, although the report was not 100% reliable, but it still had high reliability, more than 90%.Conclusion: DWI had high accuracy in detecting prostate cancer for patients with cancer. Also the accuracy of this method for patients without prostate cancer was acceptable compared to the other common methods.

Purpose: The artificial aperture IMAGING method owns a good contrast in the data recording and IMAGING process. However, this method is very time consuming that prevents its practical implementation. Materials and Methods: In this paper, the separated waveforms are sent by two elements together, instead of a single element, and the combination of the methods of independent component analysis and adaptive filtering both are used to extract different components in the received echoes. The obtained result illustrates that the IMAGING is performed in less time, and the COMPUTATIONAL complexity of this method is declined. Results: The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on two sets of simulated data and experimental data. The results indicate that the proposed method in the point phantom mode is only 1. 5% worse in the resolution than the conventional artificial aperture method. Also, from the contrasting viewpoint, the proposed method has made the CR parameter worse by about 1. 34dB than the conventional artificial aperture method. These adverse points of resolution and contrast in the proposed method are neglected than the conventional artificial aperture method because of a slight decrease in image quality than the artificial aperture method. Conclusion: However, the proposed method improves the COMPUTATIONAL complexity by 45% than the conventional artificial aperture method. As a result, it has brought the researchers closer to the practical implementation of artificial aperture IMAGING.

Purpose: Something that happens in the future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about the future. The perception of young people from the future and their conception of the future is very important. The purpose of this study was to IMAGING the future of sports science from the perspective of educated youth. Method: The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. The statistical population of the study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and the snowball sampling method was used for interviews and theoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze the data, the content analysis method has been used to obtain the information of this research. Findings: The results show the future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in the sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from the ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing the mental images of the youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards the dystopia if the current situation continues, and it can move towards the utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, the stakeholders of sports sciences need to be together and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

Introduction The staging of endometrial carcinoma is now performed based on postoperative pathological assessments. If the staging of the cancer could be possible with a preoperative non-invasive method, based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system, a more appropriate treatment protocol can be recommended for patients. This study was performed aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of dynamic magnetic resonance IMAGING with diffusion-weighted IMAGING in the staging of endometrial carcinoma, based on the postoperative histopathological reference standard. Methods This prospective study was conducted in 2016-2021 on 35 patients with endometrial cancer referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. The staging of endometrial cancer was performed based on MRI findings and pathological samples. The diagnostic value of MRI was calculated to distinguish stages 1 from 2 and 1A from 1B. The lesion dimensions in the MRI and the pathological samples were compared using independent-sample t-test and the lesion dimensions between different stages using the ANOVA test by SPSS (version 17). P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results According to the findings of MRI and pathology, the majority of patients (93. 3%) were in stage 1, and 2 (6. 7%) were in stage 2. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value in differentiating stage 1 from stage 2 was 100%, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of MRI in differentiating IA from IB was 100%. Conclusion It seems that dMRI by DWI method can be used in the staging of endometrial tumors in the initial stages (stage 1 from 2 and IA from IB) with diagnostic value.

Introduction: Urinary obstructive disease is one of the most common disorders in urinary system. Dilatation which is detected by sonography, is a key finding in obstruction in most of the cases, also could be found following surgery, lithotripsy and vesica-urethral reflux. Radioisotope diuretic washout renography is a useful method to differentiate mechanical and non mechanical obstruction.Materials & Methods: 20 patients were studied with diuretic renography. They were hydrated and emptied their bladders before study. 99mTc-DTPA was injected in supine position for each patient. Images were obtained in I min time interval. Then 40 mg furosmide was injected at minute 161h intravenously and sequential IMAGING were continued for another 20 minutes. Subsequently time activity curves and images were analyzed.Results: Among 20 patients, 8 had urinary stones, 9 uretro-pelvic junction stenos is, 2 posterior urethral valve and one case with single kidney. Results showed 13 mechanical and 7 non mechanical obstruction. Sensitivity of the procedure was 85%.Conclusion: This study revealed that diuretic radionuclide renography is a sensitive and simple method for diagnosis of urinary obstruction.

Adaptive algorithm adjusts the system coefficients based on the measured data. This paper presents a dichotomous coordinate descent method to reduce the COMPUTATIONAL complexity and to improve the tracking ability based on the variable forgetting factor. Vedic mathematics is used to implement the multiplier and the divider operations in the VFF equations. The proposed method decreases the area and increases the computation speed. The linear exponentially weighted recursive least squares as the main algorithm is implemented in many applications such as the adaptive controller, the system identification, active noise cancellation techniques, and etc. The DCD method calculates the inverse matrix in the ERLS algorithm and decreases the resources used in the field-programmable gate array, also the designer can use the cheaper FPGA board to implement the adaptive algorithm because the method doesn't need lots of resources. The proposed method leads to implementing complex algorithms with simple structures and high technology. The proposed method is implemented with ISE software on the Spartan 6 Xilinx board. The proposed algorithm calculates the multiplication result with less than 15ns time and reduces the used FPGA resources to lower than 20% as compared with the classic RLS.

Infertility can bedefinedas the inability to conceive a pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected intercourse or after6monthsin awoman over 35 years old. The use of sonography, in particular transvaginal sonography (TVS), has become an integral component of the evaluation and treatment of infertility. The TVS allows high-resolution assessment of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. TVS plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of infertile women. Initial baseline ultrasound examination is used primarily to identify structural abnormalities that might affect fertility such as uterine anomalies, endometrial polyps or submucosal leiomyomas, endometrial adhesions/synechiae, or hydrosalpinges. Sonography is also used to assess for possible underlying pathologic processes associated with infertility such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and low antral follicular count. If the baseline pelvic sonogram is inconclusive or noncontributory, further anatomic evaluation can be obtained by means of pelvic magnetic resonance IMAGING (MRI), hysterography, sonohysterography, or even hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, as indicated. CT and MRI play essential roles in evaluating gynecological disease. with the advent of multidetector CT faster scanning during optimal vascular opacification is now available which may improve accuracy in the detection and staging of gynecologic disease. However due to multiplanar capability and excellent tissue contrast, MRI is the preferred IMAGING modality of the female pelvis in many instances. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a valuable technique in evaluating the uterus and fallopian tubes. Contrast material introduced into the uterus through the cervical canal outlines the inner cavity of the uterus and tubes. A spill of contrast material into the peritoneal cavity reveals the patency of the fallopian tubes.